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Perception

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"This book represents an effort to survey carefully the contributions that modern psychologists have made to the theory of perception and to canvass the state of our knowledge of the important process by which organisms gain an understanding of, and a basis for reacting to, the world in which they live. It is hoped that it may help to bring some clarification into this confused field and that possibly, to some extent, it may be of aid in the present complex and uncertain state of psychological theory in general. But, as intimated in the Preface, there was another purpose, at least equally impelling, for which the book was written. It is the first installment in the carrying out of a more comprehensive plan, of whose nature the reader should be informed. The immediate plan, then, is to present an exposition and critical analysis of the major theories of perception, bringing out as clearly as possible their respective achievements, their limitations, and their relationship to the theme discussed above. Throughout the review an effort will be made to show the structural implications of the various systems, how they dealt with the problem, where they succeeded or failed, and the possible bearing of their successes or failures upon their explanatory achievements or their limitations. Tentative quasistructural interpretations will be introduced along the way, and in the last two chapters the discussion will draw these together and will suggest what they, together with the contributions from the various theories, can offer toward the formulation of a general structural point of view. In the final chapter the writer will give a preliminary statement of his own theory of structure; and an effort will be made to apply this formulation to the data and problems of perception as they have come to light throughout the book"--Foreword. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved).

Perception.

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Perception

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Les recherches actuelles en sciences cognitives attestent que les perceptions de l'être humain font presque toujours coopérer deux ou plusieurs systèmes sensoriels, tandis que les recueils récents consacrés à l'expression des sensations constatent la rareté des travaux existants en dehors du champ visuel. C'est cette face ignorée de la perception et de sa mise en discours que scrutent ici une psychologue, deux historiens de la culture et six linguistes, qui croisent leurs approches sur les textes adressés par des personnes voyantes, malvoyantes et aveugles au concours d'écriture "Dire le non-visuel" pour le bicentenaire de Louis Braille. La mise en perspective historique de ces textes révèle la persistance globale en Occident, depuis l'Antiquité, d'une série de lieux communs que leurs auteurs s'emploient (souvent inconsciemment) à réécrire, tels que le caractère à la fois hégémonique et illusoire de la vue, la cécité comme malédiction ou comme voyance, l'indicibilité des sensations tenues pour inférieures... L'étude de ces réécritures cherche à identifier les ressources accessibles aux locuteurs non experts pour désigner les propriétés auditives, olfactives, tactiles et gustatives. Par-delà, l'observation des discours de personnes aveugles précoces permet de s'interroger sur la catégorie, apparemment paradoxale, des images tactiles à distance. Les neuf chapitres de l'ouvrage apportent ainsi de nouvelles réponses aux questions, classiques en philosophie et en psychologie, de la hiérarchie des sens, de l'existence, ou non, et de la spécificité éventuelle d'un "monde des aveugles" ou d'un "discours d'aveugle". En citant des exemples nombreux et substantiels, tous s'attachent à la représentation langagière des sensations, non seulement en termes d'adéquation des mots aux choses, mais de fonctionnement cognitif et d'interaction des sujets avec leur environnement.

Perception.

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"This book consists of two major parts. The first presents our theoretical arguments on perceptual learning; the second, an analysis of the molar components of the perceptual act and of how these components are altered through learning. We have tried to be scholarly without being pedantic; we have tried to cover all major experimental procedures that have been used, but not necessarily all articles, since many studies repeat the same procedures. We have attempted to present procedures in general, but we have not aimed at giving all the details of presented studies. Specific experimental details can be found in the articles to which we refer. We have not tried to present the various theories of perceptual learning, although we find in retrospect that we have used some of the important ideas of such men as Brunswik, Gibson, Helson, Hilgard, Koffka, Piaget, and Woodworth, among others. Although our approach differs considerably from the approach used by each of these men, we have found constant inspiration in their writings; we can scarcely discharge our debt of gratitude"--Preface.

Perception.